This guide introduces the types of pit latrines that are commonly used in lowincome communities and the factors that will help determine which type is most suitable for any given circumstance. Eleven of 19 households had water in their latrines. They consist of a pit dug in the ground and a cover slab or floor above the hole figure 20. This laborious task involves the removal of human excreta using brooms and tin plates by scavengers, pile it into baskets and carry on their heads to locations sometimes several kilometers from the latrine. The first noticeable result is that the bad smells will disappear. Nonservice type sanitary latrines a bore hole latrine b dug well or pit latrine c waterseal type of latrines prai, rca, sulabh shauchalaya d septic tank. Ideal latrines had water and space for postdefecation hygiene. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine crs. Offset pit latrines are often preferred to other types as the stall is built on a permanent. A pit latrine, also known as pit toilet or long drop, is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground.
Ventilated improved pit vip latrines loughborough university. These other latrines share many common features of simple pit latrines. Shared sanitation versus individual household latrines. Household latrines are the most common latrines built in ethiopia. Latrines with an offset pit require more flush water than a latrine with an ordinary flush. All households, regardless of water availability, went for od at some time. In all type of institutions, staff health workers, teachers, etc. A wide range of latrines are used in households, schools, houses of worship, and other agencies. Are pit latrines in urban areas of subsaharan africa. Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality. Many types of latrines, such as pit latrines, can be built easily with local materials. This technical brief outlines different types of toilets, whilst highlighting some.
Introduction to low cost sanitation construction manual iv glossary cement a powder made of limestone and clay that is mixed with water, sand and gravel to make concrete. Pdf latrine adoption and use in rural odisha, india. Toilet types can be broadly split into two categories. The present note sets out guidelines for the design of pourflush latrines, based upon tags experience in india, brazil and elsewhere. This guide introduces the types of pit latrines that are commonly used in lowincome communities and the. Pit latrines must have a cleanable cover slab in order to be considered as improved sanitation systems. This is because they are one of the oldest forms of formal sanitation in the world and for many they are still the best.
The presence of solid rock or a high water table near the ground surface generally prevents the construction of pit latrines. Throughout the developing world, many people do not have access to suitable sanitation facilities, resulting in improper waste disposal. Initial planning for this current latrine sanitation program started in the summer of 20 while we were conducting our lending program called microloans for mothers. Presently, access to improved pit latrines is notably high. Any discussion of onsite sanitation must start with pit latrines. Firstly, since flies are attracted to pit latrines by the fecal odors coming from them, almost all flies will try to enter the pit via the top of the vent pipe as that is the point from which the odors emerge. The biolatrines also provide energy for the school kitchens and lighting. Pit latrines can be built to function without water or they can have a water seal pourflush pit latrine. Nonservice type sanitary latrines a bore hole latrine b dug well or pit latrine c waterseal type of latrines. This is best achieved through regular use of clean and well maintained latrines. Latrine definition of latrine by the free dictionary.
The use of sanitation facilities is known to interrupt the transmission of fecaltooral related disease. Overall usage of improved pit latrines stands at about 63 %, up from 14 % noted in 2007 fig. Pit latrines are one of the oldest forms of formal sanitation in the world and for many. In most cases, the common facilities were shared with other families. A12 more modern latrines, with siphon and manual or. The solution, to better use of latrines is simple, and depends on the.
This type of pour flush latrine has a pit that is not directly under the structure. Ii the soil is unstable the pit will have to be fully lined from top to bottom. A guide to the development of onsite sanitation, who. Climate stressors can significantly impact sanitation systems sanitation facilities are highly sensitive to storm surge, sea level rise, and flooding. This makes them slightly more expensive than single pit latnnes but double pit latrines can be used for a very long time. We list sources of outhouse or latrine books and supplies. Tags latrines, sanitation, sanivation, waste management, world toilet day implications of latrines on womens and girls safety michelle hynes and michelle dynes are epidemiologists in cdcs emergency response and recovery branch. Latrine design and construction lifewater international. In such circumstances, the latrine can be built on a mound, as shown in figure 4. Underground latrines for mines unt digital library. Biolatrines have been installed in 4 primary schools in the area, providing safe and hygienic sanitation facilities for 2780 children and are especially effective in these areas which are water logged or have no sewers. However, availability of space and time constraints for construction can limit the feasibility of building household latrines.
An introduction to pit latrines any discussion of onsite sanitation must start with pit latrines. The main aims of this research were 1 to understand the reasons for poor adoption uptake and use of government subsidized latrines, and 2 to identify the constraints causing latrine non. Chapter 7 components and construction of latrines chapter 8 design examples part iii planning and development of onsite sanitation projects chapter 9 planning chapter 10 institutional, economic and financial factors chapter 11 development references selected further reading glossary of terms used in this book. Latrine utilization and associated factors in rural. The types of pit latrines being used within the urban areas of different ssa countries also vary. The types of latrines assessed and reported on also varied considerably table 2. Types of lowcost latrine technologies in rural bangladesh 10. Bio latrines have been installed in 4 primary schools in the area, providing safe and hygienic sanitation facilities for 2780 children and are especially effective in these areas which are water logged or have no sewers. Household latrines are a community preference, since they afford more privacy and safety for women and girls. Although the techniques described are not complicated, the latrines need to be designed and built in the correct way and you may need to seek out further details or expert advice if you wish to promote the installation of some of these different types of latrine. French forces collapsed part of the structure and entered the main fortress via its latrines. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine sue. You need 25 kg of cement, 6 meters of iron diameter 6mm, one wheelbarrow of sand, and one wheel barrow of gravel to make one slab.
The law prohibits the employment of manual scavengers, the manual cleaning of sewers and septic tanks without protective equipment and the construction of. Most sanitation systems for human excreta are onsite facilities, including latrines, nonsewered public toilets and septic tanks. Most schools have two types of pit latrines on the property. The bio latrines also provide energy for the school kitchens and lighting. Latrine meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Urine and feces enter the pit through a drop hole in the floor, which might be connected to a toilet seat or squatting pan for user comfort. The vent pipe controls flies in vip latrines in two ways.
If the latrine is well designed then there should be less concern for disease as the latrine will be easy to clean, cleanable floor and surfaces, as well as including a sanitary plate sanplat or pourflush system. A12 more modern latrines, with siphon and manual or mechanical flush. Proper sanitation facilities for example, toilets and latrines promote health because they allow people to dispose of their waste appropriately. An introduction to pit latrines loughborough university. These cad drawings are available to purchase and download immediately.
Health improvement comes from the proper use of sanitation facilities, not simply their physical presence. Maintenance guide for outhouses or latrines, this article discusses outhouse or latrine maintenance, odor control, sanitation, safety, and products or alternatives. Sanitation latrines architecture detail dwg files cad. In an epidemic, building latrines and encouraging the community to use them is an important part of preventing the spread of disease. Concrete a strong construction material made of cement, sand and gravel. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine how to build your latrine and use it hygienically, for the dignity, health, and well being of your family it was designed for use at the individual household level to assist families in west africa who. Pit latrines are basic structures that can be adapted easily into different types of latrines such as vip latrines and ecological sanitation systems. Sanitation latrines architecture detail dwg files sanitation latrines architecture detail dwg autocad files. Include sections plan, elevations, detail of pipe line, architecture sanitation detail.
Human excreta may contain four types of pathogens lewis, foster et al. Building and maintaining latrines epidemic control for. Latrine dimensions in nairobi, kenya blue diversion toilet. Heres a list of similar words from our thesaurus that you can use instead. Other types of pit latrines may include the reed odourless earth closet, the arborloo or treebog very simple types of composting toilet, or the twin pit pourflush pit latrine, popularized by sulabh international. The quantity of water depends on the bowl shape and the drain slope and roughness. A community based crosssectional study was conducted to assess latrine. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on achieving simplicity of design consistent with reliability of operation.
Latrine design and construction part 1 humanitarian response. Sentences with the word latrine words that rhyme with latrine. These guidelines have been written especially for use in developing countries. The one you are talking about is not very expensive but is very strong. A step by step guide to the construction and use of a simple toilet. Information on improved latrine options 7 part 3 what do we mean by latrine. Health, general environmental issues groundwater contamination soil pollution health aspects toilets environmental aspects water, underground. These including the construction of improved houses preferably brick under asbestos as well as pit latrines, contours, fruit orchards and community school gardens. Pdf pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality. Corrode when something deteriorates due to being in contact with air, water or acid. Latrine dimensions in nairobi, kenya observations from 227 pit latrines in 12 different villages from informal settlements in 2014. This course is meant to be implemented in conjunction with. Description technical paper issued by the bureau of mines over the introduction of underground. Well 1998 dfid guidance manual on water supply and sanitation.
Bioactivator is the ideal treatment for these toilets. Alatrine is a safe and private place to be used for defecation. Toilet construction handbook for masons download pdf snv. The shelter that covers such a pit latrine is known in some varieties of english as an outhouse. Secondly, if you lift the cement slab over the trench you will see a drop in the level of the waste within the first week. Latrine definition is a receptacle such as a pit in the earth for use as a toilet.